The process of development of cognitive science enables a change in theoretical perspective on the analysis of political behaviour, as phenomena such as mind, consciousness and ultimately the behaviour of intelligent systems have been placed within a new research methodology. Consequently, a new opportunity has arisen for the development of theoretical research on political behaviour and, more precisely, for the construction of explanatory models covering these phenomena. The analysis presented here is an attempt to explore the problem of actor identity in the context of the theoretical assumptions of intentional stance and heterophenomenology. It allows us to capture the changing nature of political interactions on two levels: phenomenological (first-person) and scientific (third-person).