The aim of this article is to compare the historical conditions, development, and scope of cooperative banking activities in Denmark, Finland, and Poland. In relation to this objective, a research hypothesis was formulated: cooperative banking in Denmark, Finland, and Poland is characterized by similar historical conditions, but differs in its position and scope of activities, particularly regarding sectoral public policies. The comparative research covered the following topics: the history of the cooperative movement, the origins of cooperative banking, the stages of shaping the structure of this sector, the scope of its activities, and its current position and financial situation in the indicated countries. The discussion highlighted the role, importance, and participation of cooperative banks in implementing sectoral public policy initiatives over the years. The conclusions drawn from the research indicate similar historical conditions for cooperative banking in Finland and Poland. However, there were certain differences in the process of shaping the structures of this sector, resulting from social, political, and economic conditions. The position and importance of cooperative banks in Denmark and Finland is significantly stronger than in Poland. Their participation in the implementation of sectoral public policy initiatives, including agricultural, educational, and environmental protection policies, is much broader. This is also evidenced by the involvement of citizens in the membership of cooperative banks.