The article describes the evolution of federal party system of Germany. Analysis includes processes taking place on German political scene since 1949, with a special regard giving to changes that occurred after the elections to Bundestag of XVII term of office on 27 September 2009. The author makes an effort to indicate to causes of erosion of the old party system, together with evaluation of future direction of its transformations. What we can observe are the visible tendencies towards decline of meaning of great nationwide parties at the smaller parties electorates expense. The Liberals (FDP) and the Green Party noted the best electoral results in their histories. The severe defeat of social democratic party was simultaneously accompanied by the strengthening of a new Left Party. The Liberals in coalition with the Christian Party returned to power after 11 years. A strong leftist opposition will hold real control over government’s activities.